Makina owongolera okha a magetsi apamsewu ndiye chinsinsi chokhazikitsa dongosolo la magalimoto. Magetsi apamsewu ndi gawo lofunikira la zizindikiro zamagalimoto komanso chilankhulo choyambira cha magalimoto apamsewu.
Magetsi a pamsewu amakhala ndi magetsi ofiira (osonyeza kuti magalimoto sakuyenda bwino), magetsi obiriwira (osonyeza kuti magalimoto akuyenda bwino), ndi magetsi achikasu (osonyeza machenjezo). Amagawidwa m'magulu awa: nyali ya chizindikiro cha galimoto, nyali ya chizindikiro cha galimoto, nyali ya chizindikiro cha anthu oyenda pansi, nyali ya chizindikiro cha msewu, nyali ya chizindikiro cha njira, nyali ya chizindikiro cha chenjezo chowala, nyali ya chizindikiro cha msewu ndi njanji.
Magetsi a pamsewu ndi gulu la zinthu zotetezera magalimoto. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri cholimbitsa kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto pamsewu, kuchepetsa ngozi za pamsewu, kukonza bwino momwe magalimoto amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kukonza momwe magalimoto amayendera. Ndi oyenera malo olumikizirana magalimoto monga malo olumikizirana magalimoto ndi malo olumikizirana magalimoto okhala ndi mawonekedwe a T. Amayendetsedwa ndi makina owongolera zizindikiro za magalimoto pamsewu, kuti magalimoto ndi oyenda pansi athe kudutsa bwino komanso mosamala.
Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu olamulira nthawi, owongolera kulowetsa zinthu m'malo ndi owongolera osinthika.
1. Kulamulira nthawi. Chowongolera chizindikiro cha magalimoto pamalo olumikizirana magalimoto chimayenda motsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kale, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kulamulira nthawi zonse. Chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko imodzi yokha ya nthawi patsiku chimatchedwa kulamulira nthawi imodzi; chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo za nthawi malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a nthawi zosiyanasiyana chimatchedwa kulamulira nthawi ya magawo ambiri.
Njira yofunikira kwambiri yowongolera ndi kulamulira nthawi ya malo amodzi olumikizirana. Kuwongolera mzere ndi kulamulira pamwamba kumathanso kulamulidwa ndi nthawi, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti static line control system ndi static surface control system.
Chachiwiri, kulamulira kolowera. Kulamulira kolowera ndi njira yowongolera momwe chowunikira magalimoto chimayikidwa pakhomo la malo olumikizirana, ndipo ndondomeko ya nthawi ya chizindikiro cha magalimoto imawerengedwa ndi kompyuta kapena kompyuta yanzeru yowongolera zizindikiro, zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse ndi chidziwitso cha kayendedwe ka magalimoto chomwe chazindikirika ndi chowunikira. Njira yoyambira yowongolera kolowera ndi kulamulira kolowera kwa malo olumikizirana amodzi, omwe amatchedwa kulamulira kolowera kolowera kolowera kolowera kamodzi. Kulamulira kolowera kolowera kamodzi kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kulamulira kolowera theka ndi kulamulira kolowera kwathunthu malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira chowunikira.
3. Kuwongolera kosinthika. Potengera dongosolo la magalimoto ngati dongosolo losatsimikizika, limatha kuyeza momwe magalimoto amayendera mosalekeza, monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amaima, nthawi yochedwa, kutalika kwa mzere, ndi zina zotero, pang'onopang'ono kumvetsetsa ndikudziwa bwino zinthuzo, kuziyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kuti liwerengere Njira yowongolera yomwe imasintha magawo osinthika a dongosolo kapena kupanga chowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zowongolera zitha kufikira kulamulira koyenera kapena kosakwanira mosasamala kanthu momwe chilengedwe chisinthira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-08-2022
