Zizindikiro zapadera zodziwika kuti mivi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magalimoto m'njira zinazake. Kufotokozera bwino njira yoyenera ya magalimoto yomwe imatembenukira kumanzere, molunjika, ndi kumanja ndiye ntchito yawo yayikulu.
Kawirikawiri akamaloza mbali imodzi ndi msewu, amapangidwa ndi mivi yofiira, yachikasu, ndi yobiriwira. Muvi wachikasu ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe adadutsa kale mzere woyimitsa angapitirire, pomwe omwe sanadutse ayenera kuyima ndikudikira; muvi wofiira ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe ali mbali imeneyo ayenera kuyima osati kudutsa mzere; ndipo muvi wobiriwira ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe ali mbali imeneyo akhoza kupita.
Poyerekeza ndi magetsi ozungulira, magetsi a mivi amateteza bwino kusamvana kwa magalimoto pamalo olumikizirana magalimoto ndipo amapereka chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakina a zizindikiro za magalimoto mumzinda ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza dongosolo la magalimoto ndi chitetezo m'misewu yosinthika komanso m'malo ovuta olumikizirana magalimoto.
Zizindikiro zapadera zodziwika kuti mivi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magalimoto m'njira zinazake. Kufotokozera bwino njira yoyenera ya magalimoto yomwe imatembenukira kumanzere, molunjika, ndi kumanja ndiye ntchito yawo yayikulu.
Kawirikawiri akamaloza mbali imodzi ndi msewu, amapangidwa ndi mivi yofiira, yachikasu, ndi yobiriwira. Muvi wachikasu ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe adadutsa kale mzere woyimitsa angapitirire, pomwe omwe sanadutse ayenera kuyima ndikudikira; muvi wofiira ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe ali mbali imeneyo ayenera kuyima osati kudutsa mzere; ndipo muvi wobiriwira ukayatsidwa, magalimoto omwe ali mbali imeneyo akhoza kupita.
Poyerekeza ndi magetsi ozungulira, magetsi a mivi amateteza bwino kusamvana kwa magalimoto pamalo olumikizirana magalimoto ndipo amapereka chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakina a zizindikiro za magalimoto mumzinda ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza dongosolo la magalimoto ndi chitetezo m'misewu yosinthika komanso m'malo ovuta olumikizirana magalimoto.
Pamisewu ya m'mizinda, nyali yapakati ya 300mm yokhala ndi mivi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi wothandiza, wosinthasintha, komanso wowoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera nthawi zambiri pakakhala misewu yolumikizana.
Ngakhale masana owala bwino, kukula kwapakati kwa gulu la nyali la 300mm ndi malo oyenera a chizindikiro cha muvi mkati mwa gululo zimatsimikizira kuzindikirika kosavuta. Pa mtunda wabwinobwino woyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yayikulu ndi yachiwiri ya m'mizinda, kuwala kwake kowala pamwamba ndikoyenera. Kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 50 mpaka 100, oyendetsa galimoto amatha kuwona bwino mtundu wa kuwala ndi komwe muvi ukupita, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kulakwitsa chifukwa cha zizindikiro zazing'ono. Kuwala kwa usiku kumatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo imawoneka bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino chifukwa imalowa kwambiri komanso siimapangitsa kuti magalimoto aziyandikira.
Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake pang'ono, nyali iyi ya 300mm sikufuna kulimbitsa mizati yowonjezera. Ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kuyiyika, ndipo imatha kuyikidwa mwachindunji pamakina olumikizirana a zizindikiro, mabulaketi a cantilever, kapena mizati yachikhalidwe ya zizindikiro zolumikizirana. Ndi yoyenera misewu ikuluikulu iwiri yokhala ndi misewu inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi ndipo imathanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyika misewu yopapatiza monga zipata zolowera ndi zotulukira m'nyumba komanso misewu ya nthambi. Imachotsa kufunikira kosintha kukula kwa nyali ya zizindikiro kutengera kukula kwa misewu, kupereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuchepetsa zovuta zogulira ndi kukonza m'matauni.
Magetsi a chizindikiro cha magalimoto a 300mm nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a LED, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena theka la mphamvu ya magetsi achikhalidwe, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakapita nthawi. Poyerekeza ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono a chizindikiro, amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri wa zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kakang'ono komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera zawo zogwirizana kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha zinthu zowonongeka monga magetsi ndi magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yokonza komanso ndalama zochepa, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomangamanga zamagalimoto am'mizinda.
Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikiro cha chizindikiro cha magalimoto cha 300mm ndi chaching'ono, sichili chachikulu kwambiri kuti chitenge malo ambiri a mizati kapena chaching'ono kwambiri kuti chikhale chovuta kwa oyenda pansi kapena magalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito injini kuzindikira. Ndi njira yotsika mtengo yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito injini komanso osagwiritsa ntchito injini. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana olumikizirana mizinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo ndi dongosolo la magalimoto ziyende bwino.
A: Padzuwa lowala, oyendetsa magalimoto amatha kuzindikira bwino mtundu wa kuwala ndi komwe muvi uli kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 50-100; usiku kapena mvula ikagwa, mtunda wowonekera ukhoza kufika mamita 80-120, zomwe zimathandiza kuti magalimoto azidziwiratu magalimoto omwe akuyenda bwino pamalo olumikizirana nthawi zonse.
A: Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, nthawi yogwira ntchito imatha kufika zaka 5-8. Nyali ya nyaliyo ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kochotsa kutentha komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino. Zigawo zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta, ndipo zigawo zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta monga gulu la nyali ndi magetsi zimakhala zosavuta kuzisintha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
A: Kulinganiza "kumveka bwino" ndi "kusinthasintha": Ili ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo kuposa 200mm, yoyenera malo olumikizirana amizere yambiri; ndi yopepuka komanso yosinthasintha poyiyika kuposa 400mm, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso ndalama zochepa zogulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi yapakatikati.
A: Malamulo okhwima a dziko (GB 14887-2011) ndi ofunikira. Mafunde ofiira ndi 620-625 nm, mafunde obiriwira ndi 505-510 nm, ndipo mafunde achikasu ndi 590-595 nm. Kuwala kwawo ndi ≥200 cd/㎡, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuwoneka bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana owunikira.
A: Kusintha zinthu n'kotheka. Mivi imodzi (kumanzere/kulunjika/kumanja), mivi iwiri (monga, kutembenukira kumanzere + kutsogolo molunjika), ndi kuphatikiza mivi itatu—zomwe zingagwirizane mosinthasintha malinga ndi ntchito za msewu wa msewu—ndi zina mwa mitundu yothandizidwa ndi zinthu zazikulu.
